Zowopsa zomwe zimachitika pakubowola mafuta ndi gasi ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo chowopsa kwambiri ndikusatsimikizika kwa kutsika kwamadzi. Malinga ndi International Association of Drilling Contractors,Kubowola Kuthamanga Kwambiri (MPD)ndi njira yoboola yosinthika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera bwino mphamvu ya annular pachitsime chonse. Pazaka makumi asanu zapitazi, matekinoloje ndi njira zambiri zapangidwa ndikuyengedwa kuti zichepetse ndi kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika kwamakanika. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chida Chowongolera Chozungulira (RCD) padziko lonse lapansi mu 1968, Weatherford wakhala mpainiya pantchitoyi.
Monga mtsogoleri pamakampani a MPD, Weatherford wapanga njira zothetsera mavuto osiyanasiyana ndi matekinoloje kuti akulitse kuchulukana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowongolera. Komabe, kuwongolera kuthamanga sikungokhudza kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa annular. Iyenera kuganizira zochitika zambiri zapadera padziko lonse lapansi, mapangidwe ovuta, ndi zovuta m'malo osiyanasiyana a zitsime. Pokhala ndi zaka zambiri zachidziwitso, akatswiri aukadaulo a kampaniyo amazindikira kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yowongolera kukakamiza iyenera kukonzedwa kuti igwirizane ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana m'malo mokhala njira yofananira pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse. Motsogozedwa ndi mfundo iyi, matekinoloje a MPD a magawo osiyanasiyana apangidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamakampani ogwirira ntchito, mosasamala kanthu kuti zovuta kapena malo awo angakhale ovuta bwanji.
01. Kupanga Dongosolo Lotsekeka Pogwiritsa Ntchito RCD
RCD imapereka chitsimikiziro chachitetezo komanso kuwongolera koyenda, kumagwira ntchito ngati ukadaulo wolowera wa MPD. Ma RCD omwe adapangidwa koyambirira m'ma 1960 kuti azigwira ntchito pamtunda, adapangidwa kuti azipatutsa kuyenda pamwamba pa nyanja.BOPkupanga dongosolo lozungulira lotsekeka. Kampaniyo yakhala ikupanga ukadaulo wa RCD mosalekeza, ndikuchita bwino pazaka makumi angapo.
Pamene ntchito za MPD zikukulirakulira m'magawo ovuta kwambiri (monga malo atsopano ndi zovuta), zofuna zapamwamba zimayikidwa pa machitidwe a MPD. Izi zapititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa RCD, womwe tsopano uli ndi zovuta komanso kutentha kwapamwamba, ngakhale kupeza ziyeneretso zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamagasi abwino kuchokera ku American Petroleum Institute. Mwachitsanzo, zida zosindikizira za Weatherford za polyurethane zotentha kwambiri zimakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa 60% poyerekeza ndi zida za polyurethane zomwe zilipo kale.
Ndi kukula kwa makampani opanga mphamvu ndi chitukuko cha misika ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, Weatherford yapanga mitundu yatsopano ya RCDs kuti athetse mavuto apadera a malo osaya komanso akuya. Ma RCD omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulatifomu obowola osazama amayikidwa pamwamba pa BOP, pomwe pazombo zobowola zokhazikika, ma RCD nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pansi pa mphete yopumira ngati gawo la gulu lokwera. Mosasamala kanthu za ntchito kapena chilengedwe, RCD imakhalabe luso lofunika kwambiri, kusunga nthawi zonse kupanikizika kwa annular panthawi yobowola, kupanga zotchinga zosagwira ntchito, kuteteza kuopsa kwa kubowola, ndi kulamulira kulowetsedwa kwa madzi opangira.
02. Kuonjezera Choke Mavavu kwa Bwino Kuwongolera Kupanikizika
Ngakhale ma RCD amatha kupatutsa madzi obwerera, kutha kuwongolera kupanikizika kwa chitsime kumatheka ndi zida zotsika pansi, makamaka ma valve otsekereza. Kuphatikiza zida izi ndi ma RCDs kumathandizira ukadaulo wa MPD, kupereka mphamvu zowongolera pazovuta zamutu. Weatherford's PressurePro Managed Pressure solution, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma RCDs, imakulitsa luso loboola ndikupewa kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono.
Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kamodzi ka Human-Machine Interface (HMI) kuwongolera mavavu otsamwa. HMI imawonetsedwa pa laputopu mu kanyumba kobowola kapena pansi, kulola ogwira ntchito kumunda kuti azitha kuwongolera mavavu akutsamwitsa ndikuwunika zofunikira pakubowola. Othandizira amalowetsa mtengo womwe akufuna, ndiyeno dongosolo la PressurePro limasungabe kukakamizako powongolera SBP. Mavavu amatsamwitsa amatha kusinthidwa zokha malinga ndi kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa downhole, kupangitsa kuwongolera mwachangu komanso kodalirika.
03. Kuyankha Mwachidziwitso Pangozi Zochepa Zobowola
Victus Intelligent MPD Solution ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za MPD za Weatherford komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa MPD pamsika. Omangidwa pamatekinoloje okhwima a Weatherford a RCD ndi valavu zotsamwitsa, yankholi limakweza kulondola, kuwongolera, ndi makina odzichitira okha kukhala omwe sanachitikepo. Mwa kuphatikiza zida zobowolera, zimathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa makina, kusanthula zenizeni zenizeni za mikhalidwe yachitsime, ndikuyankha mwachangu kuchokera pamalo apakati, potero kumasunga molondola kukakamiza kwapansi.
Kutsogolo kwa zida, yankho la Victus limakulitsa kuthekera kwakuyenda ndi kachulukidwe kake pophatikiza ma Coriolis mass flow meters ndi manifold okhala ndi mavavu anayi odzilamulira okha. Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yama hydraulic imaganizira kutentha kwamadzi ndi mapangidwe, kupanikizika kwamadzimadzi, ndi zotsatira za ma hydraulic cutlets kuti adziwe bwino nthawi yeniyeni yapansi panthaka. Artificial intelligence (AI) control ma aligorivimu amazindikira zolakwika za Wellbore, kuchenjeza obowola ndi oyendetsa MPD, ndikutumiza zokha malamulo osinthira ku zida zapamtunda za MPD. Izi zimalola kuzindikira nthawi yeniyeni ya chitsime / kutayika kwa chitsime ndikupangitsa kusintha koyenera kwa zipangizo zochokera ku hydraulic modeling ndi kulamulira mwanzeru, zonse popanda kufunikira kwa zolemba zamanja kuchokera kwa ogwira ntchito. Dongosolo, lokhazikitsidwa ndi olamulira a logic (PLCs), amatha kuphatikiza mosavuta pamalo aliwonse papulatifomu yoboola kuti apereke zodalirika, zotetezedwa za MPD.
Mawonekedwe osavuta a ogwiritsa ntchito amathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana kwambiri pazofunikira ndikutulutsa zidziwitso pazochitika zadzidzidzi. Kuyang'anira motengera momwe zinthu zilili zimatsata momwe zida za MPD zimagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimathandizira kukonza mwachangu. Malipoti odalirika okhazikika, monga chidule chatsiku ndi tsiku kapena kuwunika kwapambuyo pa ntchito, kumakulitsanso ntchito yoboola. Muzochita zamadzi akuya, kuwongolera kwakutali kudzera pa mawonekedwe amodzi amathandizira kukhazikitsa kokwera, kutseka kwathunthu kwa Annular Isolation Device (AID), kutseka ndi kutsegulira kwa RCD, ndikuwongolera njira. Kuchokera pakupanga bwino ndi ntchito zenizeni mpaka kufupikitsa pambuyo pa ntchito, zidziwitso zonse zimakhalabe zofananira. Kuwongolera zowonera zenizeni komanso kuwunika kwaumisiri/kukonzekera kumayendetsedwa kudzera papulatifomu ya CENTRO Well Construction Optimization.
Zomwe zikuchitika panopa zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mamita othamanga kwambiri (oikidwa pa chokwera) kuti alowe m'malo mwa makina osavuta a pampu kuti azitha kuyeza bwino. Ndi luso latsopanoli, katundu rheological ndi misa otaya makhalidwe a madzimadzi kulowa chatsekedwa kuzungulira pobowola dera angayerekezedwe ndi miyeso ya madzimadzi kubwerera. Poyerekeza ndi njira zakale zoyezera matope zomwe zimakhala ndi ma frequency ocheperako, makinawa amapereka ma hydraulic modelling apamwamba kwambiri komanso nthawi yeniyeni.
04. Kupereka Zosavuta, Zolondola Zowongolera Kupanikizika ndi Kupeza Data
Matekinoloje a PressurePro ndi Victus ndi mayankho omwe amapangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito pamlingo wolowera komanso wotsogola, motsatana. Weatherford adazindikira kuti pali mapulogalamu oyenerera mayankho omwe akugwera pakati pa magawo awiriwa. Yankho laposachedwa la kampani la Modus MPD limadzaza kusiyana uku. Zopangidwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga malo otentha kwambiri kapena otsika kwambiri, pamtunda, ndi madzi osaya, cholinga cha dongosololi ndi cholunjika: kuyang'ana pa ubwino wa teknoloji yoyendetsera mphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza makampani oyendetsa galimoto kuti azibowola bwino komanso kuchepetsa kupanikizika. nkhani.
Yankho la Modus lili ndi kapangidwe kake kosinthika kosinthika komanso koyenera. Zipangizo zitatu zimayikidwa mkati mwa chidebe chimodzi chotumizira, zomwe zimafunikira kukweza kamodzi kokha pakutsitsa patsamba. Ngati pangafunike, ma module amodzi amatha kuchotsedwa m'chidebe chotumizira kuti akayikidwe mozungulira pachitsime.
Kutsamwitsa zobwezeredwa ndi gawo limodzi lodziimira, koma ngati pakufunika kuyiyika mkati mwazinthu zomwe zilipo, dongosololi likhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuti likwaniritse zofunikira za nsanja iliyonse yoboola. Wokhala ndi ma valve awiri owongolera digito, makinawa amalola kugwiritsa ntchito valavu kuti adzipatula kapena kuphatikizika kuti azitha kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuwongolera molondola mavavu otsamwitsawa kumapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda bwino komanso kuwongolera kwa Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), kumathandizira kubowola koyenera komanso kutsika kwamatope. Zochulukirazi zimaphatikizanso chitetezo chambiri komanso mapaipi.
Chipangizo choyezera kuthamanga ndi gawo lina. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma Coriolis flow metre, imayesa kubweza kwamayendedwe ndi katundu wamadzimadzi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi mulingo wolondola wamakampani. Ndi mosalekeza misa bwino deta, ogwira ntchito yomweyo kuzindikira downhole kuthamanga kusintha kuonekera mu mawonekedwe otaya anomalies. Kuwonekera kwenikweni kwa zitsime kumathandizira kuyankha mwachangu ndikusintha, kuthana ndi zovuta zisanakhudze ntchito.
Dongosolo loyang'anira digito limayikidwa mkati mwa gawo lachitatu ndipo limayang'anira kuwongolera deta ndi ntchito za zida zoyezera ndi zowongolera. Pulatifomu ya digito iyi imagwira ntchito kudzera pa HMI ya laputopu, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito kuwona miyeso ndi zochitika zakale ndikuwongolera kukakamiza kudzera pa pulogalamu ya digito. Ma chart omwe amawonetsedwa pazenera amapereka zochitika zenizeni zenizeni, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zisankho zabwinoko komanso mayankho achangu potengera zomwe zasungidwa. Pamene ntchito mosalekeza bottomhole kuthamanga mode, dongosolo mofulumira ntchito kukakamiza pa nthawi kugwirizana. Pogwiritsa ntchito batani losavuta, makinawo amasintha ma valve otsamwitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu yofunikira pachitsime, kusunga kupanikizika kosalekeza kwapansi popanda kutuluka. Deta yoyenera imasonkhanitsidwa, kusungidwa kuti iwunikidwe pambuyo pa ntchito, ndi kutumizidwa kudzera mu mawonekedwe a Well Information Transmission System (WITS) kuti awonedwe pa nsanja ya CENTRO.
Podziwongolera zokha kukakamiza, njira ya Modus imatha kuyankha mwachangu kusintha kwa kutsika kwapansi, kuteteza ogwira ntchito, chitsime, chilengedwe, ndi zinthu zina. Monga gawo la wellbore integrity system, njira ya Modus imayang'anira Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), kupereka njira yodalirika yowonjezera chitetezo cha ntchito ndi kuteteza umphumphu wa mapangidwe, potero kukwaniritsa kubowola kotetezeka mkati mwa mazenera otetezedwa ochepetsetsa okhala ndi zosiyana zambiri ndi zosadziwika.
Weatherford amadalira zaka zopitilira 50, ntchito masauzande ambiri, ndi mamiliyoni a maola ogwirira ntchito kuti afotokoze mwachidule njira zodalirika, kukopa kampani yogwiritsa ntchito ku Ohio kuti igwiritse ntchito njira ya Modus. M'dera la Utica Shale, kampani yogwira ntchitoyo inkafunika kubowola chitsime cha mainchesi 8.5 mpaka kuzama kwake kuti ikwaniritse zolinga zovomerezeka zogwiritsa ntchito ndalama.
Poyerekeza ndi nthawi yoboola yomwe inakonzedwa, njira ya Modus ifupikitsa nthawi yoboola ndi 60%, ndikumaliza gawo lonse la chitsime paulendo umodzi. Chinsinsi cha kupambana kumeneku chinali kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa MPD kusunga matope abwino mkati mwa gawo lopingasa lopangidwa, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa chitsime chamadzi. Cholinga chake chinali kupeŵa kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe omwe angakhalepo kuchokera kumatope ochuluka kwambiri m'mapangidwe omwe ali ndi mbiri yosadziwika bwino.
Pamagawo oyambira kamangidwe ndi kamangidwe, akatswiri aukadaulo a Weatherford adagwirizana ndi kampani yogwira ntchito kuti afotokoze kukula kwa chitsime chopingasa ndikukhazikitsa zolinga zoboola. Gululo lidazindikira zofunikira ndipo lidapanga dongosolo loperekera ntchito zabwino zomwe sizinangogwirizanitsa kachitidwe ka polojekiti komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zonse. Mainjiniya a Weatherford adalimbikitsa yankho la Modus ngati chisankho chabwino kwambiri pakampani yogwira ntchito.
Atamaliza kupanga, ogwira ntchito ku Weatherford adachita kafukufuku wamalo ku Ohio, kulola gulu lakumaloko kukonzekera malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malo ochitira msonkhano ndikuzindikira ndikuchotsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Panthawiyi, akatswiri ochokera ku Texas adayesa zidazo asanatumize. Magulu awiriwa adalumikizana mosalekeza ndi kampani yogwira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi kutumiza zida munthawi yake. Zida za Modus MPD zitafika pamalo obowola, kukhazikitsa bwino ndi kutumiza kunachitika, ndipo gulu la Weatherford linasintha mwachangu mawonekedwe a Opaleshoni ya MPD kuti agwirizane ndi zosintha pakubowola kwa kampaniyo.
05. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Patsamba
Komabe, chitsimecho chitangotera, zizindikiro za kutsekeka zinaonekera m’chitsimecho. Pambuyo pokambirana ndi kampani yogwira ntchito, gulu la MPD la Weatherford linapereka ndondomeko yaposachedwa yothana ndi vutoli. Yankho lomwe limakonda linali kukulitsa kupsinjika kwam'mbuyo ndikukweza pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwamatope ndi 0.5ppg (0.06 SG). Izi zinapangitsa kuti chobowolacho chipitirize kubowola popanda kuyembekezera kusintha kwamatope komanso popanda kuwonjezereka kwambiri kwamatope. Ndi kusintha kumeneku, msonkhano womwewo wobowola pansi unagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mpaka kukuya kwa gawo lopingasa paulendo umodzi.
Panthawi yonse yogwira ntchito, njira ya Modus imayang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa Wellbore, kulola kuti kampaniyo igwiritse ntchito madzi obowola omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito barite. Monga chothandizira matope otsika kwambiri m'chitsime, ukadaulo wa Modus MPD udagwiritsa ntchito kupsyinjika kwapambuyo pachitsime kuti athe kuthana ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwapabowo. Njira zachikhalidwe zimatenga maola kapena tsiku kuti ziwonjezeke kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Modus, kampani yogwira ntchitoyo idakhomerera mpaka pakuzama kwamasiku asanu ndi anayi asanafike masiku opangira (masiku 15). Kuphatikiza apo, pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope ndi 1.0 ppg (0.12 SG) ndikusintha kupsinjika kwam'mbuyo kuti muchepetse kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono ndi mapangidwe, kampani yogwira ntchito idachepetsa ndalama zonse. Ndi yankho la Weatherford ili, gawo lopingasa la mapazi 18,000 (mamita 5486) linabowoleredwa paulendo umodzi, kuonjezera Mechanical Rate of Penetration (ROP) ndi 18% poyerekeza ndi zitsime zinayi zapafupi zapafupi.
06.Maonero a Tsogolo la MPD Technology
Milandu yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa, pomwe mtengo umapangidwa kudzera pakukulitsa magwiridwe antchito, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha chakugwiritsa ntchito njira ya Weatherford's Modus. Pofika chaka cha 2024, gulu la machitidwe lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuti lipititse patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera kukakamiza, kulola makampani ena ogwira ntchito kuti amvetsetse ndikukwaniritsa phindu lanthawi yayitali ndi zovuta zochepa komanso mtundu wapamwamba womanga zitsime.
Kwa zaka zambiri, makampani opanga magetsi amangogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera mphamvu pakubowola. Weatherford ali ndi malingaliro osiyana pa kuwongolera kuthamanga. Ndi njira yolimbikitsira ntchito yomwe imagwira ntchito m'magulu angapo, ngati si onse, a zitsime zamafuta, kuphatikiza zitsime zopingasa, zitsime zolowera, zitsime zachitukuko, zitsime zamitundu yambiri, ndi zina zambiri. Pofotokozanso zolinga zomwe kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa chitsime kumatha kukwaniritsa, kuphatikiza simenti, kabati yoyendetsa, ndi ntchito zina, onse amapindula ndi chitsime chokhazikika, kupewa kugwa kwa chitsime ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe pomwe akuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
Mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera kukakamiza pakuyika simenti kumalola makampani ogwirira ntchito kuthana ndi zochitika zapakhomo monga kuchulukana ndi kutayika, potero kuwongolera kudzipatula. Simenti yoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu imakhala yothandiza makamaka m'zitsime zomwe zili ndi mazenera ang'onoang'ono obowola, osalimba, kapena m'mphepete mwake. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowongolera kukakamiza ndiukadaulo pakumaliza ntchito kumathandizira kuwongolera kosavuta pakukhazikitsa zida zomaliza, kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa zoopsa.
Kuwongolera kwabwinoko pamawindo otetezedwa otetezedwa komanso kumagwira ntchito pazitsime zonse ndi magwiridwe antchito. Ndi kuwonekera kosalekeza kwa mayankho a Modus ndi machitidwe owongolera kupanikizika omwe amapangidwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuwongolera kupanikizika m'zitsime zamafuta ambiri tsopano ndikotheka. Mayankho a Weatherford atha kupereka kuwongolera kokwanira, kuchepetsa ngozi, kuwongolera bwino bwino, kukulitsa kukhazikika kwachitsime, komanso kukulitsa kupanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-20-2024